Enhanced Ionization of Molecules in Intense Laser Fields

摘要: Molecules exposed to intense ultrashort laser pulses undergo rapid ionization at critical large internuclear distances requiring nonperturbative models explain the highly nonlinear response. Simple quasistatic allow for prediction of these distances. It is shown that mechanism enhanced due overbarrier Stark-shifted LUMO (lowest unoccupied molecular orbital) in both symmetric diatomic and triatomic molecules. In nonsymmetric molecules, permanent dipole moments contribute strong Stark-shifts electron orbitals occurs through resonances HOMO (highest occupied LUMO, corresponding charge transfer. Double also certain but involves considerable excitations intermediate electronic states.