6. Metal Surfaces

摘要: Publisher Summary This chapter discusses that when a surface is created by cleavage or annealing, the total energy of system increases energy. While some surfaces undergo reconstruction in order to lower their energy, many other reveal bulk-like terminations at room temperature. For past two decades, reconstructed metal surfaces, with without adsorbates, have been widely studied science. Most reported results measuring parameters macroscopic science tools and fitting measured models. These measure surface-sensitive quantities averaged over areas determined size beam spots. It reviews scanning tunneling microscopy (STS) has become powerful tool, as it can directly image area up several μm x μm, atomic resolution. three-dimensional variation charge density probed via electron between sharp tip sample. Therefore, not only geometric but also electronic structures be mapped, because depends on density-of-states sample tip. role corrugation amplitude surfaces.