Generation of Weak Double Layers and Low-Frequency Electrostatic Waves in the Solar Wind

摘要: We propose that the mechanism for generation of weak double layers (WDLs) and low-frequency coherent electrostatic waves, observed by Wind in solar wind at 1 AU, might be slow fast ion-acoustic solitons layers. The plasma is modelled as a fluid hot protons $\alpha$ particles streaming with respect to protons, suprathermal electrons having $\kappa$ -distribution. mode similar proton–electron can support only positive-potential solitons. new occurs due presence particles. This both positive negative exist even when relative streaming, $U_{0}$ , between zero, provided temperature, $T_{i}$ not exactly equal four times proton $T_{p}$ . An increase -index leads an critical Mach number, maximum amplitude layer explain amplitudes widths, but shapes, WDLs 1 AU spacecraft. Fourier transform solitons/double would produce broadband waves main peaks 0.35 kHz 1.6 kHz, electric field range $E = (0.01\,\mbox{--}\,0.7)~\mbox{mV}\,\mbox{m}^{-1}$ excellent agreement wave activity 1 AU.