VISUAL MATE DETECTION IN A TERRITORIAL MALE BUTTERFLY (ASTEROCAMPA LEILIA): EFFECTS OF DISTANCE AND PERCH LOCATION

摘要: Summary We experimentally investigated proximate factors influencing the visual detection of flying conspecifics by male butterflies (Asterocampa leilia) engaged in a sit-and-wait matesearching tactic. Model were presented to perched males field using an apparatus that permitted us control path and speed model while varying minimum distance from male, height above ground, size. The dependent variable all cases was whether or not left his perch pursued model. Males responded normal-size models up but beyond distances 3 m, and, because doubling surface area increased at which responded, we conclude do detect if they are more than m away. At 2 less on ground likely off ground. This is be due differences either background against typically views how large angle subtend male's perspective. These results suggest thermally-driven changes during activity period preferences have consequences for success mate may evolutionarily significant.