Estrogen Signaling and Cardiovascular Disease

摘要: Estrogen has pleiotropic effects on the cardiovascular system. The mechanisms by which estrogen confers these are undergoing active investigation. Until a decade ago, all signaling was thought to occur binding nuclear receptors (estrogen receptor-α and receptor-β), bind DNA function as ligand-activated transcription factors. receptor alters gene expression, thereby altering cell function. also binds that tethered plasma membrane, resulting in acute activation of kinases such PI3K. An orphan G-protein-coupled receptor, 30, can activate pathways. Thus, alter different receptors. This article reviews their mechanisms, discusses regulate levels locations, considers signaling.