EVOLUTION OF THE IMMUNE RESPONSE. I. THE PHYLOGENETIC DEVELOPMENT OF ADAPTIVE IMMUNOLOGIC RESPONSIVENESS IN VERTEBRATES.

摘要: 1. The California hagfish, Eptatretus stoutii, seems to be completely lacking in adaptive immunity: it forms no detectable circulating antibody despite intensive stimulation with a range of antigens; does not show reactivity old tuberculin following sensitization BCG; and gives evidence homograft immunity. 2. Studies on the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus, have been limited response bacteriophage T(2) hemocyanin small groups spawning animals. They suggest that lamprey may low degree immunologic reactivity. 3. One holostean, bowfin (Amia calva) guitarfish (Rhinobatos productus), an elasmobranch, showed level primary phage hemocyanin. is slow levels low. Both vigorous secondary phage, but neither much enhancement response. formed precipitating hemocyanin, did not. hemagglutinating were also observed black bass. 4. was successfully sensitized Ascaris antigen, lesions delayed type developed after challenge at varying intervals sensitization. 5. horned shark (Heterodontus franciscii) regularly cleared from circulation both antigenic stimulation, antibody, this antigen. These animals T(2). Significant amounts produced few response, larger responding stimulation. 6. by starch gel immunoelectrophoresis hagfish has bands mobilities mammalian gamma globulins; single, relatively faint band type; multiple are characteristic elasmobranchs, teleosts studied. By method study, appeared substantial gamma(2) globulin. 7. We conclude immunity its cellular humoral correlates lowest vertebrates, rising increasingly differentiated complex mechanism going up phylogenetic scale holosteans, finally teleosts.