摘要: Abstract Why have structure-oriented editors failed to attract a wider audience? Despite their obviously good qualities, they almost exclusively been used for education and experimental purposes in universities research labs. In this paper number of common objections raised against are quoted commented upon. Many concern the interaction such editors. Therefore aspect analysed more detail. We pin down differences between interacting with text editors, thus obtaining deeper understanding how can be improved suit both naive expert users. An analysis based on Norman's model user activities is presented editing programming languages. The illustrates trade-offs programs. It also suggest some improvements editor order minimize mental physical effort required. problems earlier dealt hybrid which combine one system. This approach upon discussed. Conceptual models compared direct manipulation suggested. examined terms semantic distance, articulatory engagement as suggested by Hutchins et al . related discussion conceptual models. aims at simple but powerful “pure” that may appreciated different categories. Finally, not concerning issues upon, directions future outlined.