Adaptive management in the U.S. National Wildlife Refuge System: Science-management partnerships for conservation delivery

摘要: Adaptive management is an approach to recurrent decision making in which uncertainty about the reduced over time through comparison of outcomes predicted by competing models against observed values those outcomes. The National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS) U.S. Fish and Service a large land program charged with natural resource decisions, often are made under considerable uncertainty, severe operational constraints, conditions that limit ability precisely carry out actions as intended. NWRS presents outstanding opportunities for application adaptive management, but also difficult challenges. We describe two cooperative programs between Geological Survey implement at scales ranging from small, single refuge applications large, multi-refuge, multi-region projects. Our experience date suggests three important attributes common successful implementation: vigorous multi-partner collaboration, practical informative framework components, sustained commitment process. Administrators both agencies should consider these when developing promote use acceptance NWRS.