Nociceptin/orphanin FQ, hedonic state and the response to abused drugs.

摘要: The mesolimbic dopamine and endogenous opioid systems are foremost in our understanding of the neurochemical implicated control motivation reward. Several decades study indicate that these interact to balance hedonic state drive seeking for both natural artificial rewarding stimuli, such as food abused drugs. classes opioids have been identified, which nociceptin (known also orphanin FQ) is most recently discovered. relative contribution each class peptides makes determining basal drug-stimulated changes still unclear. mu delta receptor agonists induce increases therefore rewarding. Kappa agonists, on other hand, typically decrease aversive. Although mostly devoid properties when administered centrally, it effectively blocks acquisition conditioned place preferences various drugs, suggesting reverses stimulated state. Nociceptin some stimuli drug self-administration paradigms. Neurobiological explanations behavioral effects incomplete; though a key finding has suppresses activity system. Thus far, little known about role naturally occurring reward motivated behaviors. Gaining an this area could contribute significantly how brain regulates normal perturbed states. formed strong impression augmentation therapy, especially with milnacipran plus lithium, likely be effective if first-line antidepressant ineffective. Investigation more cases will needed confirm or refine details algorithm and, generally, determine best approach medication.