THE ORINOCO OIL BELT, VENEZUELA

摘要: The Orinoco Oil Belt of Venezuela is a very extensive, non-discrete, crude-oil producing area located along the southern third Maturin (Eastern Venezuela) basin, north River and Guayana Shield. It extends due westwards from Puerto Ordaz for 460km; main areas, defined on basis productivity magnitude crude oil in-place, cover 13,600 sq. km. There are no significant surface indications petroleum anywhere in Belt. first well drilled was La Canoa- 1 1936, initiating stage exploration which ended 1967 with publication preliminary evaluation potential reserves; Ministry Energy Mines, then Mines Hydrocarbons, State company Corporacion Venezolana del Petreleo (CVP) completed second 1977; Petroleos de its operating companies 669 wells five years (1979-83) totalling 643,000 m 5.5MM**m logs, shot 15,000 km seismic lines at cost $US 615 MM, an effort conservatively estimated as having taken 2,500 man-years. areas are, east to west, Cerro Negro, Pao, Hamaca, San Diego, Zuata, Machete. Petroleum characterisation based study analysis 288 samples. Viscosity (dynamic) oils reservoir conditions ranges 2,000 7,000 mPa.s(cp)+. Production rates average 25cu.m/d (160 b/d), increasing fourfold after steam stimulation. At end 1985, production 13,000 cu. m/d (80, 000 b/d)+, Negro Hamaca areas. Operating costs similar those other heavy-crude fields basin. volume in-place be 187.8 B (1,181 brls), makes largest accumulation world. Proved reserves 4.161B (26.170 unproved 14,822 (93,230 brls). Investigative activities underway, particularly Diego