Greenhouse gas emissions and energy balances in bio-ethanol production and utilization in Brazil (1996)

摘要: Abstract Production of sugar cane in Brazil the 1996/97 season was 273 million t (harvested wet wt)/year, leading to 13.7 million m 3 ethanol and 13.5 million t sugar. Emissions greenhouse gases were evaluated for agronomic/industrial production processes product utilization including N 2 O methane. Up-dating energy balance from 1985 1995 indicated effect main technological trends; apparently, fossil fuel consumption due increasing agricultural mechanization is largely off-set by advances transportation overall conversion efficiencies (agricultural industrial). Output/input ratio grew 9.2 (average) 11.2 (best values). Net savings CO (equivalent) emissions, bagasse substitution fuels, correspond 46.7×10 6  t (equivalent)/year, nearly 20% all emissions fuels Brazil. Ethanol alone responsible 64% net avoided emissions.