'You shall not pass!': quantifying barrier permeability and proximity avoidance by animals.

摘要: Summary 1. Impediments to animal movement are ubiquitous and vary widely in both scale permeability. It is essential understand how impediments alter ecological dynamics via their influence on behavioural strategies governing space use and, for anthropogenic features such as roads fences, mitigate these effects effectively manage species landscapes. 2. Here, we focused primarily barriers movement, which define that cannot be circumnavigated but may crossed. Responses will influenced by the capabilities of animal, its proximity barriers, habitat preference. We developed a mechanistic modelling framework simultaneously quantifying permeability preference movement. 3. used simulations based our model demonstrate parameters barrier can estimated statistically. then applied case study road wild mountain reindeer summer movements. 4. This provided unbiased precise parameter estimates across range strengths preferences permeabilities. The quality estimates, however, was correlated with number times crossed locations barriers. In found avoided areas near semi-permeable There strong avoidance extending up c. 1 km four five animals, having cross reduced probability 68� 6% (range 3� 5–99� 5%). 5. Human infrastructure has embedded within it idea networks: nodes connected linear roads, rail tracks, pipelines, fences cables, many divide landscape limit unintended potentially profound consequences animals remain poorly understood. rigorous here begins address this knowledge gap.