The impact on the ozone layer from NOx produced by terrestrial gamma ray flashes

作者: E. S. Cramer , M. S. Briggs , N. Liu , B. Mailyan , J. R. Dwyer

DOI: 10.1002/2017GL073215

关键词:

摘要: The motivation of this work is to understand the effects Terrestrial Gamma-ray Flashes (TGFs) on ozone layer. One main ozone-destroying mechanisms production NOx in stratospheric region. from lightning has been considered as a possible cause depletion but probably little transported tropopause stratosphere. Since energetic particles TGFs travel ≈ 12 km space, resulting ionization can produce directly In order quantify TGFs, we use Runaway Electron Avalanche Model (REAM) simulate typical setup acceleration region inside thundercloud. photons are then through Earth's atmosphere, where they deposit some their energy We calculate number molecules produced by considering average required one electron-ion pair. Finally effect TGF estimated using global annual rate TGFs. It that completely negligible compared other sources, and therefore have no

参考文章(37)
D. Tierney, M. S. Briggs, G. Fitzpatrick, V. L. Chaplin, S. Foley, S. McBreen, V. Connaughton, S. Xiong, D. Byrne, M. Carr, P. N. Bhat, G. J. Fishman, J. Greiner, R. M. Kippen, C. A. Meegan, W. S. Paciesas, R. D. Preece, A. von Kienlin, C. Wilson-Hodge, Fluence distribution of terrestrial gamma ray flashes observed by the Fermi Gamma-ray Burst Monitor Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics. ,vol. 118, pp. 6644- 6650 ,(2013) , 10.1002/JGRA.50580
Ningyu Liu, Victor P. Pasko, Modeling studies of NO‐γ emissions of sprites Geophysical Research Letters. ,vol. 34, ,(2007) , 10.1029/2007GL030352
NG Lehtinen, M Walt, US Inan, TF Bell, VP Pasko, None, γ‐Ray emission produced by a relativistic beam of runaway electrons accelerated by quasi‐electrostatic thundercloud fields Geophysical Research Letters. ,vol. 23, pp. 2645- 2648 ,(1996) , 10.1029/96GL02573
Paul J Crutzen, None, The influence of nitrogen oxides on the atmospheric ozone content Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society. ,vol. 96, pp. 320- 325 ,(1970) , 10.1002/QJ.49709640815
Jerome Weiss, W. Bernstein, The current status of W, the energy to produce one ion pair in a gas. Radiation Research. ,vol. 6, pp. 603- 610 ,(1957) , 10.2307/3570413
Timothy F. Bell, Victor P. Pasko, Umran S. Inan, Runaway electrons as a source of red sprites in the mesosphere Geophysical Research Letters. ,vol. 22, pp. 2127- 2130 ,(1995) , 10.1029/95GL02239
Joseph R. Dwyer, Leonid P. Babich, Low‐energy electron production by relativistic runaway electron avalanches in air Journal of Geophysical Research. ,vol. 116, ,(2011) , 10.1029/2011JA016494
Marcel Nicolet, On the production of nitric oxide by cosmic rays in the mesosphere and stratosphere Planetary and Space Science. ,vol. 23, pp. 637- 649 ,(1975) , 10.1016/0032-0633(75)90104-X
Paul J Crutzen, None, Ozone production rates in an oxygen-hydrogen-nitrogen oxide atmosphere Journal of Geophysical Research. ,vol. 76, pp. 7311- 7327 ,(1971) , 10.1029/JC076I030P07311
J. R. Dwyer, A fundamental limit on electric fields in air Geophysical Research Letters. ,vol. 30, pp. 2055- ,(2003) , 10.1029/2003GL017781