Comparison between microwave and muffle annealing of self-organized TiO2 nanotubes into crystalline anatase

摘要: Abstract For the first time, electrical and morphological properties of self-organized TiO 2 nanotubular samples annealed (for only 2 min) in a microwave oven through hybrid thermal heating (MO–TiO ) are assessed comparatively to those conventionally 30 min) muffle furnace (MF–TiO ). This comparative assessment was carried out scanning electron micrographs, cyclic voltammetry photocurrent density curves, as well determinations band-gap energy, donor density, flat-band potential values. No differences bang-gap energy morphology were observed; MO–TiO presented small improvement value, which, however, did not lead higher densities comparison MF–TiO . Hence, considering that differently similar, clearly annealing is an advantageous option convert amorphous nanotubes into crystalline anatase phase, especially because this procedure very rapid facile.