Carbon Footprint of Inbound Tourism to Iceland: A Consumption-Based Life-Cycle Assessment including Direct and Indirect Emissions

摘要: The greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions caused by tourism have been studied from several perspectives, but few studies exist that include all direct and indirect emissions, particularly those aviation. In this study, an input/output-based hybrid life-cycle assessment (LCA) method is developed to assess the consumption-based carbon footprint of average tourist including emissions. total inbound tourism-related GHG are also calculated within a certain region. As demonstration method, full assessed as well induced Iceland over period 2010–2015, with presented approach applicable in other contexts well. provides interesting case due three features: (1) sector fastest-growing industry country annual growth rate 20% past five years; (2) almost tourists arrive air; (3) has emissions-free energy import-dominated economy, which emphasise role According assessment, for 1.35 tons CO2-eq, ranges 1.1 3.2 CO2-eq depending on distance travelled air. Furthermore, increasing rise flight distances reach country. tripled approximately 600,000 2010 1,800,000 2015. Aviation accounts 50%–82% impact (depending distance) underlining importance air travel, especially aviation forecasted grow significantly near future. From perspective, footprinting application study would seem provide efficient way both new insights information enable development appropriate mitigation policies sector.