Bacterial community associated with worker honeybees (Apis mellifera) affected by European foulbrood.

摘要: BACKGROUND Melissococcus plutonius is an entomopathogenic bacterium that causes European foulbrood (EFB), a honeybee (Apis mellifera L.) disease necessitates quarantine in some countries. In Czechia, positive evidence of EFB was absent for almost 40 years, until outbreak the Krkonose Mountains National Park 2015. This occurrence gave us opportunity to study epizootiology by focusing on microbiome workers, which act as vectors diseases within and between colonies. METHODS The included worker bees collected from brood combs colonies (i) with no signs (EFB0), (ii) without clinical symptoms but located at apiary showing (EFB1), (iii) with (EFB2). total, 49 samples 27 were dataset evaluated this study. Each biological sample consisted 10 surface-sterilized processed DNA extraction. All subjects analyzed using conventional PCR metabarcoding analysis based 16S rRNA gene V1-V3 region, performed through Illumina MiSeq amplicon sequencing. RESULTS EFB2 with exhibited 75-fold-higher incidence M. than those EFB1 asymptomatic identified all well control proportions Fructobacillus fructosus, Lactobacillus kunkeei, Gilliamella apicola, Frischella perrara, Bifidobacterium coryneforme higher EFB1, whereas mellis significantly EFB0. Snodgrassella alvi L. melliventris, helsingborgensis and, kullabergensis proportion Bartonella apis Commensalibacter intestini EFB0 EFB1. Enterococcus faecalis highest EFB2. CONCLUSIONS High-throughput sequencing permitted semi-quantitative presence microbiome. results indicate EFB-diseased are capable transmitting due greatly increased pathogen. sequences supports hypothesis pathogen exists enzootic state. bacterial groups synergic both EFB-asymptomatic could be candidates probiotics. confirms E. secondary invader plutonius; however, other putative invaders not