Rock glaciers, fault gouge and asphalt: hard particles in a nonlinear creeping matrix

摘要: Composite materials that are composed of hard particles within a soft matrix demonstrate two significantly different deformation behaviours. There is threshold at which the particle interaction becomes dominating process. For low volumetric content particles, strain rate composite equal to material reduced by factor linear function volume fraction f. The thought be dependent. A value 1 � (5/3)f was found for frozen soil under investigation. At large solids fractions creep deformatins mostly eliminated dilatancy. Due limited tensile strength pore ice, only depends on unfrozen soil. D 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.