Granular Flow at Low Shear Rates

摘要: Recently, there has been an explosion of interest in the physics non-cohesive granular assemblies[1–3]. Much this originated with theory self-organized criticality, for which sandpiles were considered a paradigm[4]. Granular assemblies are intriguing systems, rich unusual properties such as dilatency, arching, bistability, and thixotropy. These conspire to create complex, nonlinear dynamics numerous instabilities. Examples include density waves hopper flows[2], convection other spatio-temporal patterns sand under vertical vibrations[3], stick-slip motion shear flows[5–6].