Report on autoscopic or mirror hallucinations and altruistic hallucinations.

摘要: Charles Samson Fere was born in 1852 Auffay, France, a small town halfway between Dieppe and Rouen Normandy. He trained medicine and, 1872, proceeded to Paris, at the Salpetriere, where he fell under influence of Charcot devoted himself neuropathology, working with Broca, Gueriot, Guyon [1]. Hypnosis, hysteria, epilepsy were subjects his special investigations, as pathology emotions, resulting huge contribution what are today defined neurology psychiatry. Major input clinical epileptology remains Fere’s textbook Les epilepsies et les epileptiques, published 1890, stand-alone history for its remarkable photographs illustrations. Furthermore, among first describe gelastic seizures, introducing term fou rire prodromique pathological laughter heralding an apoplectic event. For several years, member Society Biology number important studies on physiology voluntary movements, sensory excitation, muscular fatigue. The article by reprinted this issue Epilepsy & Behaviorwas journal French that time, namely, Comptes Rendus des Seances de Biologie. careful observer sophisticated clinician interest psychopathological descriptions. In article, reported ‘‘autoscopic altruistic hallucinations,” which can be belonging wide spectrum dissociative phenomena particular, depersonalization experiences. Depersonalization is experience individual feels sense unreality detachment from or herself. There may sensation being outside one’s mental processes, body, parts out-of-body autoscopic modern conceptualization dissociation refers notion desagregation introduced Pierre Janet. theorized disconnection primary secondary brain interconnection confers illusion vivid flow psychic activity called ‘‘l’impression vie” [2]. During period, two main theoretical models developing: (1) ‘‘Janetian” construct passive phenomenon due ‘‘desegregation” functions, (2) ‘‘Freudian” ‘‘Verdrangung,” considered active defensive mechanism. At same concept ‘‘desegre-