Effects of relativity and of the lanthanide contraction on the atoms from hafnium to bismuth

摘要: Abstract In order to help elucidate the effect of 4f shell electrons, Hartree-Fock (HF) calculations were made for pseudo-atoms corresponding Hf, Re, Au, Hg, Tl, Pb, and Bi without electrons with atomic numbers reduced by 14. The orbital energies these are compared those from HF relativistic (DHF) same atoms. It is found that comparable magnitude both larger 6s than 5d or 6p electrons.