The evolution of trichromatic color vision by opsin gene duplication in New World and Old World primates.

摘要: Trichromacy in all Old World primates is dependent on separate X-linked MW and LW opsin genes that are organized into a head-to-tail tandem array flanked the upstream side by locus control region (LCR). The 5' regions of these two show homology for only first 236 bp, although within this region, differences conserved humans, chimpanzees, species cercopithecoid monkeys. In contrast, most New have single polymorphic gene; males dichromats trichromacy achieved those females possess different form gene each X chromosome. By sequencing monkey, marmoset, we been able to demonstrate presence an LCR equivalent position primates. Moreover, marmoset sequence shows extensive from coding with human gene, distance >3 kb, whereas again limited indicating divergent identifies site insertion duplicated gene. This further supported incomplete Alu element point both humans additional elements present upstream. Therefore, may involved initial duplication also be responsible high frequency loss array. Full one howler which present. contrast however, sequences at least 600 well beyond divergence genes, associated LCR, monkey entire region. [The data described paper submitted GenBank under accession nos. AF155218, AF156715, AF156716.]