Infiltration of ambient PM2.5 and levels of indoor generated non-ETS PM2.5 in residences of four European cities

摘要: Abstract Ambient fine particle (PM2.5) concentrations are associated with premature mortality and other health effects. Urban populations spend a majority of their time in indoor environments, thus exposures modified by building envelopes. particles have been found to penetrate indoors very efficiently (penetration efficiency P≈1.0), where they slowly removed deposition, adsorption, mechanisms. Other generated indoors, even buildings no obvious sources like combustion devices, cooking, use aerosol products, etc.. The effects currently not well understood, require information on exposure levels. current work apportions residential PM2.5 measured the EXPOLIS study ambient non-ambient fractions. results show that mean infiltration is similar all four cities included analysis, ranging from 0.59 Helsinki 0.70 Athens, Basle Prague between. Mean range 7 (Helsinki) 21 μg m−3 (Athens). Based decay rates estimated US, estimates air exchange source strengths were calculated. rate was highest Athens lowest Prague. Indoor Prague, but lower Helsinki. Some suggestions possible determinants non-ETS acquired using regression analysis. Building materials family characteristics A significant fraction remained unexplained.