Biocultural conservation of marine ecosystems: Examples from New Zealand and Canada

摘要: Place-specific knowledge systems, combined with hands-on resource use and a long-term commitment to sustaining resources ecosystems, are vitally important in restoring the planet health. This approach is already an integral part of management systems many Indigenous tribal peoples worldwide, whose practices reflect long history co-evolving interdependent social-ecological systems. Negotiated settlements rights issues New Zealand Canada have resulted new opportunities for expression application approaches, including coastal fisheries. Using examples from both nations, Maketu taiāpure Gwaii Haanas Canada, we find that recognition interests fisheries creating distinctive ‘third space’ biocultural conservation differs quite radically polarizing all-or-nothing regime commercial vs marine reserves. These approaches simultaneously support cultural renewal diversity; bridging gap between scientific biodiversity on one hand, local values livelihoods other. Enabling communities apply their stewarding culturally real alternative creation artificial islands through human-free protected areas. Locally driven may be best hope complex world.