The Glucose-Regulated Proteins (GRP78 and GRP94): Functions, Gene Regulation, and Applications

摘要: The knowledge of GRPs as molecular chaperones is rapidly evolving. It anticipated that the will make special contributions in areas basic cell biology, biotechnology, and cancer biology. In particular, they may play a role prototype class genes are regulated by signal transduction pathways originating ER traveling to nucleus. GRP78 GRP94 function can bind malfolded proteins unassembled complexes. They induced response stress, but once stress removed posttranscriptionally modified into biologically inactive forms. promoters grp highly conserved, with several CCAAT-like motifs GC-rich regions. high level redundancy exists mammalian act ensure expression genes, both which single copy, unlikely be significantly lowered event mutation. These thought controlled transcription factors whose complex interactions allow variable patterns induction. constitutively express their gene products, promoter activities further enhanced cellular environments low glucose or oxygen. grp78 known retain its strong activity differentiated undifferentiated tissues. features it an attractive alternative viral for use therapy. Gene therapy also useful treating some cases, especially solid tumors. these instances, GRP levels already likely quite high. inhibit efficacy anti-cancer treatments. Suppression induction, perhaps anti-sense ribozyme technology, prove conjunction drugs treat