The effects of electronic article surveillance systems on permanent cardiac pacemakers: an in vitro study.

摘要: Five Siemens Pacesetter cardiac pacemakers (PM) were subjected to in vitro testing with six different electronic article surveillance (EAS) devices. The PMs consisted of polarity programmable, dedicated bipolar, and unipolar types. EAS equipment included UHF, RF, Magnetic, Magnetoacoustic (MA) devices from two manufacturers. Prior testing, each PM was interrogated normal operation confirmed. Each attached a heart simulator via an eight foot cable then within the field. passed through field axes, positioned stationary field, and, worst case (WC), placed directly against transmitter. During ECG observed behavior recorded. In one (Synchrony IIIR), Event Records, Histograms utilized. At conclusion device evaluated for operation. Results: No reprogrammed by UHF produced no effect on PMs. RF noise response while WC position. High frequency multifrequency magnetic units positive results only Unipolar affected more often than bipolar. MA older responses newer lower power One incident close coupled (400 msec) ventricular pacing seen unit. Conclusions: high frequency, dual FAS few effects during testing. Except low devices, occurred conditions. Additional vivo is required evaluate interaction between patients Careful evaluation systems wide variety indicated rule out induction lead system PM.