Epidemiologic studies of vitamins and cancer of the lung, esophagus, and cervix.

摘要: Epidemiologic studies of the relationships between vitamins and 3 types cancer are reviewed. First, widely reported association vitamin A β-carotene risk lung is considered. In a large population-based case-control study among white males in New Jersey, increased intake vegetables, dark green yellow-orange carotenoids were each associated with reduced risk, but retinol or total was not related. The protective effect vegetables limited to current recent cigarette smokers, which suggests that vegetable prevents late-stage event carcinogenesis. Consumption consistently more predictive than either carotenoid index consumption any other food group, possibly because high content this group. results limitations epidemiologic diet Second, evolving relationship multiple micronutrient deficiencies esophageal discussed. death certificate-based black Washington, D.C., several indicators general nutritional status, including fresh frozen meat fish, dairy products eggs, fruit number meals eaten per day, inversely independently correlated cancer. Estimates micronutrients, such as carotenoids, C, thiamin, riboflavin, less strongly broad groups provide most micronutrient. Thus no single deficiency identified. Other suggest generally poor nutrition may partially explain susceptibility urban men Finally, postulated low folacin levels cervical examined. Among women who use oral contraceptives, serum red blood cell be lower those dysplasia. clinical trial involving contraceptive users, dysplasia gradually decreased group supplemented folate remained unchanged given placebo.