A complete human pelvis from the Middle Pleistocene of Spain

摘要: The Middle Pleistocene site of Sima de los Huesos in Sierra Atapuerca, Spain, has yielded around 2,500 fossils from at least 33different hominid individuals1. These have been dated more than 200,000 years ago2,3,4 and classified as ancestors Neanderthals5,6. An almost complete human male pelvis (labelled Pelvis 1) found, which we associate with two fragmentary femora. 1 is robust very broad a long superior pubic ramus, marked iliac flare, femoral neck. This pattern probably the primitive condition modern humans departed. A newborn would pass through birth canal this be even larger female individual. We estimate body mass individual 95 kg or more. Using cranial capacities three specimens Huesos, encephalization quotients are substantially smaller Neanderthals humans.