Functional interactions between stress neuromediators and the locus coeruleus–norepinephrine system

摘要: Abstract: Activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis is considered a hallmark stress response. Coincident with this, peripheral and central noradrenaline systems are activated. By engaging medullary projections to paraventricular nucleus hypothalamus, stressors regulate endocrine limb Engaging from pontine nucleus, locus coeruleus (LC), forebrain may serve as behavioral or cognitive This chapter will focus on impact LC–noradrenaline system its targets. The body evidence supporting view that diverse consistently activate this be briefly reviewed. Convergent lines suggest corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) critical substrate response regulates activity during stress. discuss CRF level individual LC neurons distributed network projections. concept by integrating actions other neuromodulators developed circuitry underlying these interactions proposed. These findings integrated physiological studies have suggested specific roles for in modulation arousal attention into hypothesis activation an important component Finally, exhibits plasticity, which expressed manipulations such chronic adrenalectomy, reviewed suggests comprising similar both adaptive pathological consequences.