Burners and combustion apparatus for carbon nanomaterial production

摘要: The invention provides improved burners, combustion apparatus, and methods for carbon nanomaterial production. burners of the provide sooting flames fuel oxidizing gases. condensable products produced by this produce nanomaterials including without limitation, soot, fullerenic fullerenes. do not require premixing gases are suitable use with low vapor pressure fuels such as those containing substantial amounts polyaromatic hydrocarbons. can operate a hot (e.g., uncooled) burner surface little, if any, cooling or other forms heat sinking. comprise one more refractory elements forming outlet at which flame be established. stability, employed wider range fuel/oxidizer air) ratios gas velocities, generally efficient than using water-cooled metal plates. also operated to reduce formation undesirable soot deposits on surfaces downstream burner.