Are Japanese freshwater populations of threespine stickleback derived from the Pacific Ocean lineage

摘要: Background: The presence of ecological opportunity can trigger adaptive radiation. Freshwater colonization marine ancestors during the post-glacial dispersal could have triggered radiation in threespine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Japanese be classified into two genetically divergent groups, Pacific Ocean group and Japan Sea group. Question: Are all freshwater populations derived from lineage? Or are some evolutionarily Methods: We collected 22 different locations across Japan, including nine populations, five anadromous eight populations. determined genotypes for 11 microsatellite markers. created phylogenies using measures genetic distance based on both allele frequencies lengths. inferred population structure Bayesian analysis. Results: All analysed were similar to suggesting that they likely lineage rather than lineage.