Boundary Layer Clear-Air Radar Echoes: Origin of Echoes and Accuracy of Derived Winds

摘要: Abstract Boundary layer clear-air echoes are routinely observed with sensitive, microwave, Doppler radars similar to the WSR-88D. Operational and research meteorologists using these velocities derive winds. The accuracy of winds derived from depends on nature scatterers. This paper uses dual-wavelength dual-polarization examine cause use return estimate origin has been an ongoing controversy in radar meteorology. These have attributed refractive-index gradient (Bragg scattering) insects birds (particulate scattering). most commonly over land spring through autumn. Seldom do they occur large bodies water. Widespread also winter when temperatures above 10°C. Radar reflectivity comparisons Florida Colorado wer...