Antigen Recognition by MR1-Reactive T Cells; MAIT Cells, Metabolites, and Remaining Mysteries.

摘要: Mucosal-associated Invariant T (MAIT) cells recognize vitamin B-based antigens presented by the non-polymorphic MHC class I related-1 molecule (MR1). Both MAIT cell receptors (TCR) and MR1 are highly conserved among mammals, suggesting an important, conserved, immune function. For many years, they were unknown. The discovery that presents small ligands resulted in a rapid expansion of research this area, which has yielded information on role protection, autoimmune disease recently homeostasis cancer. More recently, we have begun to appreciate diverse nature can bind MR1, with several less potent drugs being identified. Complementary structural revealed complex interactions defining antigen recognition. Additionally, now view (defined here as MR1-riboflavin-Ag reactive, TRAV1-2+ cells) one subset broader family MR1-reactive (MR1T cells). Despite these advances, still lack complete understanding how generated, recognized vivo. biological relevance function MR1T infection warrants further investigation new tools approaches.