Value-Focused Thinking: A Path to Creative Decisionmaking

摘要: PART 1: Concepts 1. Thinking about Values 1.1 Value-Focused 1.2 Creating Alternatives 1.3 Identifying Decision Opportunities 1.4 1.5 The Uses of 2. Framework 2.1 Framing a Situation 2.2 Fundamental Objectives 2.3 Context 2.4 Guiding Strategic and Action 2.5 2.6 Comparing Alternative-Focused 2.7 Ethics Value Neutrality Part 2: Foundations 3. Structuring 3.1 3.2 3.3 Structures 3.4 How to Structure 3.5 Desirable Properties 3.6 Relating Hierarchies Networks 3.7 Incomplete 3.8 for Groups 4. Measuring the Achievement 4.1 Concept an Attribute 4.2 Types Attributes 4.3 Developing Constructed 4.4 Use Proxy 4.5 4.6 Selecting 4.7 Connecting Situations with 5. Quantifying Model 5.1 Building 5.2 Multiple-Objective Models 5.3 Single-Objective 5.4 Prioritizing 5.5 Art Assessing 5.6 Issues Consider in Assessments 3: 6. Uncovering Hidden 6.1 Insights from 6.2 Violations Independence Assumptions 6.3 Tradeoffs 6.4 Single-Attribute Objective Functions 6.5 Multiple 7. Single Decisionmaker 7.1 Counteracting Cognitive Biases 7.2 7.3 7.4 Focus on High-Value 7.5 Evaluated 7.6 Generic 7.7 Coordinated 7.8 Process 7.9 Removing Constraints 7.10 Better Utilization Resources 7.11 Screening Identify Good 7.12 Series Similar Decisions 8. Decisionmakers 8.1 Pleasing Other Stakeholders 8.2 Stakeholder Influence Your Consequences 8.3 Clarifying Group 8.4 Negotiations 9. 9.1 9.2 Available 9.3 A Broader 9.4 Monitoring 9.5 Establishing 9.6 Negotiating Side 9.7 Being Right Place at Time 9.8 When You Have No Idea What Do 10. Decisionmaking 10.1 Information Collection 10.2 Evaluating 10.3 Interconnecting 10.4 Improving Communication 10.5 Facilitating Involvement Multiple-Stakeholder 10.6 4: Applications 11. Selected 11.1 NASA Leadership Space 11.2 Transporting Nuclear Waste 11.3 Research Climate Change 11.4 Air Pollution Los Angeles 11.5 Design Integrated Circuit Testers 11.6 Collaborating Book 12. British Columbia Hydra 12.1 Identification 12.2 First Revision Preliminary 12.3 Current Version 12.4 Quantitative Assessment 12.5 12.6 13. My 13.1 Life 13.2 Professional Activities 13.3 Health Safety 13.4 13.5 Personal 13.6 References Index Examples General