Life-cycle Energy and Emissions Inventories for Motorcycles, Diesel Automobiles, School Buses, Electric Buses, Chicago Rail, and New York City Rail

摘要: The development of life-cycle energy and emissions factors for passenger transportation modes is critical understanding the total environmental costs travel. Previous studies have focused on automobile given its dominating share travel included only few components, typically related to vehicle (i.e., manufacturing, maintenance, end-of-life) or fuel extraction, refining, transport). Chester (2009) provides first comprehensive assessment not components but also infrastructure automobiles, buses, commuter rail systems, aircraft. Many processes were vehicles (manufacturing, active operation, inactive insurance), (construction, parking, fuels (production, distribution). inventoried sedans, pickups, SUVs, urban diesel light (San Francisco’s Muni Metro Boston’s Green Line, both electric), heavy Francisco Bay Area’s BART Caltrain), aircraft (small, medium, large-sized planes are disaggregated). Given methodological framework in (2009), question applicability these systems other U.S. modes, data availability extended this study motorcycles, duty vehicles, school electric Chicago New York City modes.