Chapter 1 - Meso-Scale Modeling—The Key to Multi-Scale CFD Simulation

摘要: Abstract Meso-scale structure is critical to characterize complex systems in chemical engineering. Conventional two-fluid model (TFM) without meso-scale modeling has proved be inadequate for describing gas–solid flow featuring multi-scale heterogeneity. In this review, it demonstrated that, based on the energy-minimization (EMMS) model, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) reasonably accounted effects of structures and hence upgraded both efficiency accuracy significantly. This approach succeeded predicting circulating solids flux, revealing mechanisms choking phenomena resolving disputes transport gas-fluidized beds. It also been applied a wide range industrial processes including catalytic cracking (FCC), coal combustion, so on. all, CFD with EMMS intrinsically multi-scaled, free from requirement clear scale separation, can expected an emerging paradigm simulation multiphase flows reactors.