Problems and Dilemmas of Antimicrobial Resistance

摘要: An important obstacle to the long-term efficacy of an antimicrobial agent is appearance and spread resistance agent. The fact that many antimicrobials are produced by microorganisms in nature may provide selective pressure for emergence antibiotic-producing as well -nonproducing organisms. Indeed, rapidity with which resistances have appeared after introduction a new antibiotic suggests these genes were already present somewhere prior clinical use. In hospital setting, most recent worrisome traits emerge include plasmid-mediated imipenem third-generation cephalosporins among nosocomial gram-negative bacteria, acquisition vancomycin enterococci. Methicillin-resistant staphylococci continue be problem increasingly resistant numerous other agents such rifampin newer fluoroquinolones. seen community-acquired organisms beta-lactam pneumococci combined ampicillin chloramphenicol Haemophilus influenzae. Shigellae essentially all commonly used oral also problem, particularly developing countries. No end sight resistance, thus strategies prevent infections control necessary.