Faecal indicator organism concentrations and catchment export coefficients in the UK.

摘要: Characterisation of faecal indicator organism (FIO) concentrations and export coefficients for catchments with particular combinations land use under specific climatic regimes is critical in developing models to predict daily loads apportion sources the microbial parameters used regulate water quality. Accordingly, this paper presents a synthesis FIO concentration coefficient data summer bathing season, some comparative winter data, 205 river/stream sampling points widely distributed across mainland UK. In terms both geometric mean (GM) (expressed as cfu km(-2) h(-1)), results reveal (1) statistically significant elevations at high flow compared base flow, typically increasing by more than an order magnitude about two orders; (2) significantly higher values high-flow conditions; (3) extremely wide variability between (e.g. four orders range GM coliform concentrations), which closely reflects use-with urban areas improved pastures identified key sources. Generally, these most polluting uses are concentrated lowland where runoff (m3 h(-1)) low upland areas, UK dominated rough grazing forestry. Consequently, contrasts types less concentrations. The GMs reported categories based on 13 sites exhibit quite narrow confidence intervals. They may therefore be applied other similar geographical regions elsewhere. Examples presented illustrate how can estimate base- different types, assess likely effectiveness certain strategies reducing pollutant loadings extensive pasture.