Improving pea quality with vermicompost tea and aqueous biochar: Prospects for sustainable farming in Southern Africa

摘要: Abstract One of the main factors responsible for successful sustainable food production is vigorous seedling establishment. The role organic extracts (vermicompost tea and aqueous biochar) on improving seed performance has not been fully explored in South Africa. Pea germination emergence experiments using different concentrations were conducted according to International Seed Testing Association (ISTA) rules, arranged completely randomised block designs with four replications. Vermicompost (VC) significantly improved percentages, speed emergence, physiological processes compared biochar (BC) vermicompost microbial supplements (augmented). In contrast, growth by 39% tea. Application BC VC led a 12% 18% increase pea percentages respectively. Similarly, at 10% concentration effective yielding optimal photosynthetic responses. 5% VC, or 2.5% are recommended germination, seeds. these will be beneficial resource-poor farmers marginal lands, since cheaper, easier produce more environmental friendly than available commercial fertilisers. This study shown that provides essential nutrients establishment, thus negating need use chemical fertilisers