Between grassroots and treetops: community power and institutional dependence in the renewable energy sector in Denmark, Sweden and the Netherlands.

摘要: The speed and progress of transitions towards renewable energy systems varies greatly between European member states. Among others, these differences have been attributed to the emergence grassroots initiatives (GIs) that develop radical ideas sustainable practices. goal this paper is understand in GIs for relation institutional characteristics Denmark, Netherlands Sweden. We analyze possibilities emerge act within three dimensions: material-economic, actor-institutional discursive dimension. conclude conditional factors lie material-economic dimension terms biophysical conditions, structure economy, dependency market. Within dimension, we presence or absence fossil fuel incumbents, such as regional utilities, strongly influence GIs. openness alternative discourses proved be enabling GI-activities, well democratized knowledge production. In addition conditions possibility, can also despite dominant institutions, albeit limited. Finally, need a strong network with institutes, technology developers political parties order achieve change enables flourish. Without space, remain subjected power-relations, cannot exert much upon system.