Corrosion of structural materials by liquid metals used in fusion, fission, and spallation

摘要: Liquid metals (lithium, sodium, lead and its liquid alloys Pb-Li or Pb-Bi) are used as coolants for fusion, fission spallation reactors due to their thermal nuclear properties. However, these corrosive when they come into contact with solid metallic materials. Preserving structural (no- low alloyed steels, stainless nickel based alloys) in requires the knowledge of corrosion phenomena that may occur mainly metal embrittlement general mass transfer. is a particularly case stress cracking which results decrease toughness ductility It also known cracking. Under specific combination metals, stressed temperatures, an intergranular sometimes observed. If wetting key factor, temperature, strain rates, compositions influencing factors. Some shown susceptible couples like ferritic/martensic steels (or eutectics Pb-Bi), non austenitic sodium.General mechanisms governed by thermodynamics be divided two main et61485;Reaction impurities dissolved oxygen leads oxidation reaction thermodynamically possible some protective oxide layers. activities carbon (and other soluble elements nitrogen) different, carburation de-carburation occur, at high temperature (above 600DC) linked diffusion properties.et61485;Dissolution it not possible. The dissolution alloying function solubility very lithium, sodium lead, suitable environments where flow rates important parameters. containing nickel, will undergo ferritization zone loss austenite stabilizer. These show chemistry parameter As generally decreasing transfer play role non-isothermal systems process hottest section precipitation coldest part circuits.If does corrode, considered today under control steels. For alloys, including embrittlement, issues need mitigation strategies coatings development (steels forming self-healing alumina layer) instance.