Can student effort be manipulated? Does it matter?

摘要: This article provides evidence that college students’ effort can be manipulated substantially by making changes in the testing regime and moreover student is a meaningful input education production. The comes from quasi-experiment where mid-semester test with pass requirement introduced to mandatory one-semester Business School course Macroeconomics. Four cohorts of students – one before three after introduction have reported their study twice during semester, relationship between achievement investigated using within-subject within-student across-study periods approach.