GLUCOSE-DEPENDENT INSULINOTROPIC POLYPEPTIDE (GASTRIC INHIBITORY POLYPEPTIDE; GIP)

摘要: Glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP; gastric inhibitory polypeptide) is a 42 amino acid hormone that produced by enteroendocrine K-cells and released into the circulation in response to nutrient stimulation. Both GIP glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) stimulate insulin secretion glucose-dependent manner are thus classified as incretins. The structure of mammalian well conserved both N-terminus central region molecule important for biological activity. Following secretion, metabolized endoprotease dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV). In addition its activity, exerts number additional actions including promotion growth survival pancreatic beta-cell stimulation adipogenesis. brain, bone, cardiovascular system, gastrointestinal tract targets GIP. receptor member B-family G protein-coupled receptors activation results adenylyl cyclase Ca(2+)-independent phospholipase A(2) protein kinase (PK) A PKB. Mek1/2-Erk1/2 p38 MAP signaling pathways among downstream involved regulation function. also increases expression anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 decreases pro-apoptotic Bax, resulting reduced death. adipose tissue, interacts with increase lipoprotein lipase activity lipogenesis. There significant interest potential clinical applications analogs agonists antagonists have been developed preclinical studies.