Metabolic Urbanism and Environmental Justice: The Water Conundrum in Bangalore, India

摘要: Abstract Anthropologists, sociologists, geographers, and urban studies scholars have recorded the causes consequences of inequities that underscore rapidly burgeoning cities in global South. We argue here such accounts urbanism are incomplete without accounting for metabolic flows matter energy physically sustains city. Using example domestic household water consumption patterns Bangalore, we demonstrate how city's hydrology is shaped by social, political, economic variables. present a simple coupled social-ecological framework allows us to sketch broad contours this social Bangalore. Our analysis provides evidence why questions environmental justice cannot be separated from biophysical sustainability. show anthropogenic drivers groundwater Bangalore dominate background drivers. Unequal spatial distribution piped infrastructure principal dr...