摘要: When managing forests for biodiversity or sustainability, attention must be given to how silvicultural practices affect genetic diversity. A new generation of DNA-based markers affords a greater detail analysis than previously possible. These markers, SSRs microsatellites, have been used demonstrate diversity and infer evolutionary history red pine, something that has not possible with other markers. SSR developed by the Forest Service Research Biotechnology Unit are also being monitor methods sustainable timber management breeding patterns within white pine stands on Menominee Indian reservation.