Comparative study of diclofenac-induced embryotoxicity and teratogenesis in Xenopus laevis and Lithobates catesbeianus, using the frog embryo teratogenesis assay: Xenopus (FETAX).

摘要: Abstract Water is an increasingly deteriorated, limited natural resource due to population increase and industrialization. Also, the widespread use of pharmaceuticals in modern society leads their presence domestic, hospital industrial effluents. Due analgesic properties, some most commonly used are nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). High concentrations one these products, diclofenac (DCF), have been detected effluents water bodies different countries, including Mexico. Diverse studies show that trace amounts (ng L − 1 μg L ) this compound induce toxicity on aquatic organisms such as algae, microcrustaceans fish. However, its potential during development species commercial interest American bullfrog Lithobates catesbeianus scarce. The present study aimed evaluate DCF-induced teratogenesis embryotoxicity Xenopus laevis L. , a marketed nutritional meat source Mexico, using frog embryo assay: (FETAX). Oocytes mid-blastula transition were exposed for 96 h 1, 4, 8, 16, 32 62.5 mg DCF L . criteria evaluated mortality, malformation growth inhibition. teratogenic index was 4.2 three-fold higher than reference limit (1.5), 3.9 X. Diclofenac induced diverse malformations both species, frequent being axial tail notochord, edema stunted growth. Results indicate DCF potentially toxic which, sensitivity, can be pharmaceutical FETAX.