An Evolutionary and Biocultural Approach to Understanding the Effects of Reproductive Factors on the Female Skeleton

摘要: Osteoporosis is a systemic skeletal disease characterized by reduction in bone mass and deterioration of the microstructure tissue, with consequent increase fragility susceptibility to fracture. The precise mechanisms etiology are incompletely understood. Age-related loss found both sexes, but accelerated females onset menopause. Bone postmenopausal years averages anywhere between 1–5% per year, increasing risk 50-year old white woman sustaining fracture at any site 30–40% (Melton, 1995). Further, secular trends Europe North America indicate that incidence has doubled over last three decades, creating serious social financial burden