Results from the Swedish National Screening Programme 2010 : Subreport 2. Fluorescent Whitening Agents
作者： Lennart Kaj , Eva Brorström-Lundén
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摘要: A screening study has been performed concerning Fluorescent whitening agents (FWA). The term refers to a large group of chemicals used increase the apparent whiteness textiles and paper. included five substances abbreviated DSPB, DAS1, FB28, FB85 DAS2. instrumental analytical method (LC-MS-MS) is not based on fluorescent properties compounds, thus FWAs other than specific compounds analysed for was detected.The sampling programme focused diffuse emissions from urban areas reflected in samples waste water treatment plants (WWTPs) their receiving waters. Samples potential industrial sources (effluent paper pulp industries) were also included. Emission products illustrated by analysing toilet paper.The concentration range summed 20 - 24 μg/l three WWTP influents, 0.43 5.1 nine effluents 56 000 – 160 ng/g DW sludges. DAS2, FB28 and, some effluents, DAS1 dominating individual compounds. DAS2 associated applications rather textile/detergent applications.The highest measured concentrations surface more 600 times lower calculated "predicted no-effect concentration" (PNEC). Even without dilution effluent 50 PNECs. Thus there should be no risk aquatic organisms due those substances. For remaining PNECs available.Highest sediment, 7 200 DW, dominated found near discharge point WWTP. Further away, 1 km point, main direction flow, considerably lower, 69 150 DW. Sediments Lake Malaren showed 92 900 Relevant evaluation risks sediment dwelling available.There general relative via sediment.In one out seven industries higher (ten times) effluent.Analysis extracted manufactured recycled fibres (two different brands) that this may major source influents. contribution
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