Population Based Species Management Across Legal Boundaries: The Bern Convention, Habitats Directive, and the Gray Wolf in Scandinavia

摘要: The protection of biodiversity, like many other environmental goals, transcends political boundaries. This is particularly true regarding large carnivores, such as wolves, which typically require a relatively low population density and range that often extends hundreds kilometers across legal borders. two primary instruments promoting the species in Europe, Habitats Directive Bern Convention, recognize to be effective preserving long-term genetic diversity thus survival population, conservation management must coordinated throughout population’s range. Despite goal international cooperation for protection, rarely occurs at an level. Using Scandinavian Karelian wolf populations example, this article comparatively analyzes explores their effect on national law, illuminating how situation changes it crosses