Användningsområden för biprodukterna vid pressning och omförestring av rapsolja Fields of application for the by-products of extraction and transesterification of rapeseed oil

摘要: ABSTRACT Rapeseed contains 40-50% oil that can be extracted by pressing and possibly subsequent ex-traction. The residue, rapeseed cake, normally 10-25% oil, but meal sub-jected to extraction only a few percent oil. cake used as animal feed, fuel, biogas substrate or fertiliser. If the is vehicle fuel it transesterified methyl ester (RME) then glycerol pro-duced by-product. Glycerol for in chemical industry raw material additive several products. main purpose of this work was evaluate how meal, to-gether with from transesterification could different appli-cations, calculate their economic values these uses. Used ruminant current cultivars provide entire dietary protein re-quirement. Up 10% feed concentrate mix pigs, poultry horses com-prise feed. For piglets horses, palatability may limit amount fed. fed restricted its content. Normally, ruminants manage 5% fat about 2% concentrate, pigs 1-1.5% overall diet. an energy component mix. Cattle, sheep have been successfully mixture containing 5-10% glycerol, con-taining 5%. works well binding agent pellet manufacture, ad-mixture 2-3% giving more solid pellet. hygroscopic absorbs water air if too much added mixture. This impairs storage qualities. incinerated, produce ash relatively low melting-point, causes sintering deposits form furnace. rather high, 6%. high nitrogen content (4-6% dry matter) gives nitric oxide emissions, often 2-3.6 times emissions fuels deficient nitrogen. comparatively heat combustion. difficult incinerate alone, incinerated when mixed disintegrated biofuels such sawdust wood shavings. It would probably act biofuel pellets briquettes. organic fertiliser, 4-6% nitrogen, 0.4-2% phosphorus 0.3-1% potassium. Organically bound released slowly. has no value fertiliser unless potassium residues catalyst (about 0.6%) transesterification, also 0.16%) phosphoric acid neutralise catalyst. are very suitable anaerobic digestion. Rape-seed nitrogen-rich media cause ammonium nitrate reactor. other substrates farmyard manure give higher gas yield. There similar observations methane yield increasing digested together protein-rich media. carbon source processes. plant nutrients rape-seed easily available after biodigestion. calculated on basis replacement barley soybean forest chips in-cineration, sales electricity district heating large farm-scale plant. by-products were most valuable followed use combustion They least fertilisers world market