A model for modifying the public transport service patterns to account for the imposed COVID-19 capacity

摘要: Abstract As public transport operators try to resume their services, they have operate under reduced capacities due COVID-19. Because demand can exceed capacity at different areas and across times of the day, drivers refuse passenger boardings specific stops avoid overcrowding. Given urgent need develop decision support tools that prevent overcrowding vehicles, this study introduces a dynamic integer nonlinear program derive optimal service patterns individual vehicles are ready be dispatched. In addition objective satisfying imposed vehicle COVID-19, proposed pattern model accounts for waiting time passengers. Our is tested in bus line connecting University Twente with its surrounding cities demonstrating trade-off between in-vehicle crowding levels excessive unserved